According to the European Cement Association, CEMBUREAU, in 2015, the global cement production was 4. 6 billion tons. Traditional cement production emits approximately 1 ton of CO2per ton of cement, which represents almost 80% of the totalCO2emissions of concrete and approximately 6% of the world’ s emissions. Among supplementary cementitious MATERIALs, the use of agro-WASTE ash emerges due to its reduced CO2emissions, chloride diffusion, and MATERIALs cost, in addition toits greater compressive strength. In Colombia, the disposal of agro-WASTEs, such as tobacco WASTE, is an environmental andeconomic concern. In this study, ash obtained from tobacco WASTE (TWA) was studied as a sustainable partial replacementfor cement in hydraulic concrete. The TWA was reduced to a particle size of less than 75 μ m and was characterized by X-rayflorescence. A central composite design was used to study the influence of the ash replacement percentage of cement andthe water/binder (w/b) ratio on the compressive strength at 28 days. The results show that it is possible to replace 10% of thecement with TWA using a 0. 5 w/b ratio and obtain a 51% higher compressive strength than the control mixture at 28 days. Moreover, the experimental results demonstrated an improvement of 86% in the 7-day compressive strength when TWAwas used.

The paper considers the application of WASTE sorption MATERIAL utilization and pumpkin seed husks formed during the extraction of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions, as a combustible additive to clay mixtures in production of the porous ceramics. In this regard, this study evluates the effects of different amounts (2-8%) of the spent sorption MATERIAL in the charge composition with changes in the physical and mechanical properties of ceramic samples obtained by firing at temperatures of 950-1050 ° C. One finding is that the combustion of the organic additive is accompanied by the formation of voids and the release of gases with the formation of pores in the ceramic piece. Another finding is that all clay mixtures with a combustible additive allow the production of porous ceramics to meet the requirements for compressive strength, porosity, density, water absorption and linear shrinkage. It is recommended using 4 % of combustive additive in order to obtain optimal properties in terms of density and strength. During the testing of the developed porous ceramics for heavy metal leaching, the MATERIAL does not pose an environmental hazard. Finally, the results of this study are applicable for the construction of internal partitions and household buildings.

Ginger WASTE MATERIAL (GWM) has been utilized as adsorbent for removal of hazardous Patent Blue VF (PBVF) dye from aqueous solution. Batch adsorption experiments were performed as a function of pH, contact time, dye concentration, adsorbent dose and temperature.The optimum pH required for the maximum adsorption was found to be 2. The experimental e quilibrium adsorption data were tested using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations and maximum monolayer adsorption capacity was found to be 9.56 mg/g. Adsorption kinetics data were modeled using the pseudo first order and pseudo second order kinetic equations and intraparticle diffusion model. Results indicate that pseudo second order model best describe adsorption kinetics data.

Separation of metal laden solid WASTEs for their recycling utilization using passive pulsed air and active pulsing air classifiers was studied. Laboratory investigation showed that the active pulsing air separator performs more efficiently than the passive pulsed air separator due to the ability to accurately control operating parameters. By studying the difference of drag coefficients of the particles moving through the airflow of varying Reynolds numbers, models of the dynamic particle motion were developed and a computer simulation was prepared. Results of the simulation were reported to predict the observed results with artificial tracing spheres being separated by the laboratory equipment. Two different, real world feed MATERIALs were separated with the laboratory scale active pulsing air classifier. The discarded catalyst consisting of precious metal components and sintered magnetic beads was separated with the separation efficiency, of 97.6 %. The second real-world feed, electronic scrap crushed to a size of 0.5 to 2 mm, showed a separation efficiency of 92.41 %. At the same time, the grade of the recovered concentrate of metals was above 98 %.

The aim of the current research is to examine the potential of locally available natural clay mineral to act as an effective absorbent for WASTE engine oil treatment. The clay mineral was collected from the southern region of Saudi Arabia and was used without any kind of surface modification. The clay mineral was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XPS) and Braunner-Emitt-Teller (BET) surface area analysis. XRD data showed the crystalline structure of the clay while chemical composition of the clay was determined by XRF analysis in which the main constituents were SiO2 (51. 77%), Al2O3 and Fe2O3 with 29. 17% and 13. 22% respectively. Other minor compounds were detected. BET surface area was found to be around 65 m2/g. Clay adsorbent amount (ranging from 5 – 20g) was added to 100 ml WASTE engine oil sample under different temperature conditions. Sample analysis obtained by UV-spectrophotometer indicates that the oil sample S10 which was conducted at 450ᵒ C with 5g clay showed the best correlation (the peaks and wavelength number) very close the virgin oil. Hence, suggesting these to be the optimum operating conditions.